Book to learn about different Web development framworks

I'm not sure I've seen a book to cover the topics the way your asking.
Most books will be specific to a certain subject, not really a broad view of everything.

Really you can't decide up-front what you'll use for different projects until you narrow down what the project is going to be.
Only then can you decide what best fulfills the needs of the project.

Your mixing a few things with your question that really are not related directly.
HTML5 and WordPress for example.
You could use WordPress but have the coding of the theme and/or design using xhtml, html4, html5, so don't confuse them together.

HTML5 and CSS3 have come a long ways and are pretty much the "norm" now for many websites.

Keep in mind there are dozens of ways to accomplish a project.
Maybe on one you might use WordPress, another might use Expression Engine, another might use a custom rolled php framework, another might use coldfusion, another might use ASP, and the list goes on.

Your going about it backwards, decide what the project is and only then can you decide the best assets used to build or accomplish that project.

Make a list.
What's the project....
So "I need a website for this, and I need this capability, this one, this one, and this one."
Now you can look at what fulfills all those needs, or the closest.

I don't think there is any specific book which can help you to understand the coding language. If you really want to understand what is php, HTML, or etc.. Then you can prefer some practical knowledge rather then grabbing it from the book and understanding. If you go for practical knowledge then definitely you will understand the way how these languages work