The key is to choose a shortener that utilizes a 301 (or permanent) redirect. This will ensure that any SEO value is passed through the shortened link

It's not, unless you're getting a backlink to a strong page. I'm pretty sure that you'd be just creating them in the link shortener service.

good for indexing, end

Depends on the url shortner service. Bit.ly.com for instance is a preferred provider because they utilized 301 redirects from day 1

Hi you can use tinyurl.com service it's very known or if you want to track click analytics then use google url shorten https://goo.gl/ elsewhere if your website is a wordpress website then you can use ShortLink Analytics by SVS-Websoft wordpress plugin

Creating backlinks from shortened link is suspicious to Google and it has nothing to do with the search engine rankings.

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