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Are you talking about internal backlinks? If so, there is no great mystery here. Link to your most important pages from other pages of your website wherever appropriate. Use anchor text for those internal links that contain the keywords you want to rank for but do not use the same ones every time you link to a page (mix them up a little).

One way is to create interlinks for related posts / especially products, to encourage your visitors (as well as SEs) to browse your site easily and with interest.

Just simple HTML links. Use the natural keywords on them and a relevant title tag. Most important pages would normally appear in your header and footer, repeated throughout the website.

I think interlinking over Ecommerce would look little odd in my opinion best would be to follow silo structure that will pass same link juice like interlinks would do.

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You should have a closer look at the linking structure of the existing e-commerce sites indeed, and find the one which structure and size are comparable to yours, and seem to fit your case the best way. Basic idea is to make the navigation intuitive, let the users go back and forth easily so that they won`t leave the website just feeling stuck in a dead end at some point; next you can use your imagination to link the related products to each other, create landings for brands or categories, add filtering and so on.

There`s no universal pattern as each website may have a tone of specifics to mind, but the best way would be to look up to time-tested examples, to use common logic and, perhaps, make use of some user-testing service to get the candid feedback of the real users.

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