If it is a good backlink then sure it will effect your rankings.

[DELETED]

Backlinks does not show any immediate impact on your rankings or the SERP. It takes an considerable amount of time. Most important thing is the quality of the backlink you have. If you an backlink from an authoritative site the results are considerably faster than a backlink form non authoritative site

If you create a quality back-link and a person randomly click on your link before google indexed it then it will generate referral traffic for your website.

[DELETED]

You can not say when your backlinks affect your rankings. Indexing is the must, without indexing your links will not work.

Lots of graduates from the 'Indian School of Clueless Moronic Fake SEO' cut and paste posting in this thread.

After google index it your ranking will be affected.
As backlink is one of the many factors that affect the ranking of site. Google crawlers constantly keep on crawling web pages, they check the backlinks count, their quality, dofollow & nofollow etc., and finally index the page. Once indexing is done properly ranking will get according changed.