Exact -- this is the number of searches that the EXACT keyword you typed in is getting (dog training). Phrase is the number of searches that all the keywords that include the exact keyword you entered are getting (dog training, dog training advice, tips on dog training). Broad is the number of searches that all the keywords that contain your keyword in any order are getting (dog training, training a dog, dog training tips, training a big dog).

exact, but I think some people like using phrase...

I guess its a matter of preference

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I always use exact and it has always given me positive results.

That depends.If you use broad match for all the keywords,then you will get relatively high clicks,but at the same time,it;s not that related.for your brand,you can use exact match.