Not exactly. But somehow their most ranking factor is link.

Google, bing and yahoo follows their own algorithm for indexing the website. They all have their own strategy. You should first concentrate on Google, because 80% of visitors use google as default search engine. And then move to yahoo and bing. Both are now merge and will follow almost same data for ranking your website. Yahoo rank any website by using meta title, description and keywords.

Not exactly. Google panda had updated, i don't think all search engines have same algorithm.

No! As if it would have been then there would not have been competition on the basis of search but then it would have been on graphics and other UI based things. Google's algorithm is far different from that of Bing/Yahoo and it is something which Bing stills wants to know as to how it happens.

I'm sure there is a lot of intersection (e.g. they all look for quality content, backlinks, etc), but they can't have the exact same algorithm since these aren't disclosed.

I dont think so, if you optimizing your site according to google then you can get ranking on google but its not mandatory that you will get ranking in yahoo and bing .

No, all search engine have their own algorithm.

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Yes, they all have the same algo., I own all search engines & gave them the same algo., it's just easier that way.