Backlinking to the root domain or blog posts?

I would say that depends on the context of the link.

If you're placing a contextual backlink on a 3rd party site and the reference is more relevant to a blog post, then there you have your answer; on the other hand, if you're placing a link that is a little more general in context, aim it at the frontpage.

At the end of the day, you want a healthy mix of both. Don't forget, having a good internal linking strategy in place will help distribute some of that 'juice' anyway.

As for which page will rank for what... depends on the page relevancy to the search term used.

Here's a good read on mapping our your keyword / link strategy and not competing with yourself:
Use Keyword Mapping to Stop Competing With Yourself

You could use an internal page as a relevant buffer, where the only on-page instance of the target keyword is a single exact match anchor-text internal link pointing back to the Home page (or whatever page you want).

Backlinks to post will rank up the main domain

It is a good practice sending link to your blog post specially if the link is from page that related to it. Proper link silo will benefit the home page and other part of the site from the juice gained by the page that received inbound link.

Linking to any page on a site will help every webpage on the site since aged backlinks generate trust/authority and interlinking internal webpages passes PR through a site.

If your home page has a difficult SERP direct links to it will pass more direct link benefit for the home page SERPs, so from an individual webpage and it's SERPs perspective direct links are stronger.

However, a domain with only home page links with perfect anchor text is not natural, if you relied on only natural links (you never built a link), there would be links through out the site with a variety of anchor text, some good, some not so good.

Google is far from perfect at determining natural vs unnatural link patterns, but it's getting better all the time (and there's always manual reviews).

Over 10 years ago SEO's would be happy with footer sitewide backlinks with perfect keyword rich anchor text. Around 8 years ago your average SEO would aim for as many links (avoiding sitewide links) directly to the webpage you wanted ranking with an exact match anchor text to the SERP targeted with the links being from any part of the webpage.

Most SEO's don't work that way today, now it's contextual links (from within content: so avoiding footer and sidebar links) with a variety of anchor text, some exact match, some covering related phrases, others not keyword rich anchor text.

There's a move towards making a built backlink profile look like a natural backlink profile. IMO it's only a matter of time before Google has an algo that is close to how a human would analyse a backlink profile.

Makes sense to aim for natural looking now, won't have to change the links in the future.

David

BTW Yukon, stop trying to misquote me, I did not say:

Linking to any page on a site will help every webpage on the site...

I said:

Linking to any page on a site will help every webpage on the site since aged backlinks generate trust/authority and interlinking internal webpages passes PR through a site.

There are two aspects to the reason why all links (assuming the link in themselves don't generate a penalty, paid links for example) to a domain: Google trust/authority and the link benefit flowing through the site vis internal links.

If you don't understand this, you shouldn't be giving SEO advice to anyone.

David

I think it is important to ensure the relevant page while building back links. If your article is related to home page, you must link to your home page.

The page you want to boost in the SERP's should be linked in your backlinking efforts. if you wish to boost your home page, linking to blog page wont help.

well, let me thank everyone who gave advice before me. I just want to add a strategy or you may call it an 'idea' of how you can manage inbound links to your domain.

When trying to establish SEO backlinking plan, always see what your direct competitors are doing. You need to check whether they are ranked with Home page or internal page. You then need to know how many backlinks and from where they are getting them. For this I use a tool called SEO SpyGlass.

Ranking EVERY page in your website is not practical, but ranking a particular page for a specific search term will require you to follow a better strategy for backlinking than your competitors to be practical. So you asked:

The answer is yes! but let me ask: is this really helping you to beat your competitors by your blog post? If the answer is yes too then you are on the right track.

My best wishes,

Create backlinks to blog post.

In blog post, you are also can target long tail keywords. Not just specific keywords

I would always build to the article page. This way you rank higher and higher your article page and after all the root also get a link juice (if it has an internal link to your homepage (like a banner / menu in the header, etc.)